indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
source (of a river); fountainhead; source; origin; root
cherry tree; cherry blossom; light pink; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
senior high school; high school
second-year student; second-year pupil; biennial; biennial plant
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
a tiny bit; just a smidgin; a wee bit; very slightly
entirely useless; completely worthless; no no; don't!
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
remind me; I forget; was it?; was that what happened?
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
style; way; shape; dress; attire; clothing
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
myself; yourself; I; me; you
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
pluralizing suffix; nickname-forming suffix
then; and (then); in that case; if so
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
I'm off (and will be back later); see you later; to go (and then come back)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah