previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
reserve; spare; preparation; preliminaries
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
nashi (Pyrus pyrifolia, esp. var. culta); Japanese pear; Asian pear; sand pear; apple pear
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
contract; compact; agreement
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
beat; palpitation; pulsation; throbbing
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
to have troubles; to have concerns
two persons; two people; pair; couple
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
from the beginning; from scratch
had better ...; had better not ...
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
dusk; twilight; twilight years; melancholia; melancholic nostalgia
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...