somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
government official; public official
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
government; administration
notice; notification; report; posting
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
to close one's eyes; to lower one's eyelids; to shut one's eyes; to die; to breathe one's last
to stop (plug) one's ears
to hold one's tongue; to shut up
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
holly olive (Osmanthus heterophyllus); false holly; holly; spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?