indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
vehicle; conveyance; transport; ride (playground, fair, carnival); playground facility
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to go out and away; to leave
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
(some) more; even more; longer; further
bustling; busy; crowded; lively (party, voices, etc.); loud; noisy
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to face; to go towards; to head towards
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
on the way; en route; in the middle of; midway; halfway
sunny spot; exposure to the sun
many; much; plenty; hardly
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
warm; mild; (pleasantly) hot; considerate; kind; genial
to re-think; to think back upon; to change one's mind
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo