at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to collect; to gather; to save; to accumulate; to pile up
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
poverty-stricken; destitute; poor; penurious
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
honorific/polite/humble prefix
father-in-law; foster father; stepfather
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to cease; to desist; to cut it out; to lay off (an activity); to drop (a subject) to abolish; to resign
weird; disgusting; sickening
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
reality; actuality; practice (as opposed to theory); truly; really; bhutakoti (limit of reality)
duty; sense of duty; honor; in-law; relation by marriage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)