indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
suffix for familiar person
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
reason; cause; circumstances
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Japanese plum (Prunus salicina); Chinese plum
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
all; entire; whole; altogether
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Kerberos (computer security protocol)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
Last Judgment (judgment of mankind to take place when the world ends, according to various religious traditions)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up