indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
suffix for familiar person
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
adds force or indicates command
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to glide; to slide (e.g. on skis); to fail (an examination); to bomb (when telling a joke); to drop; to go down
to bark; to howl; to howl (e.g. of the wind); to roar; to yell; to cry
mountain hare (Lepus timidus); blue hare; tundra hare; hare made of snow
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on