this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
family; members of a family
number of days; period of days; daily interest rate
adventure; venture; venture which is unlikely to succeed; risky attempt; danger
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
Buddhist temple; religious building; church; cathedral
circumference; girth; tour; pilgrimage; circulation (e.g. of blood)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
A common name for the area around Akihabara Station in the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo, Japan, famous for being the centre of modern Japanese popular culture and a major shopping district for video games, anime, manga, electronics and computer-related goods.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
it is not (like that) either
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
millennium; one thousand years; (fig.) long time
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
long (time); longstanding; for a long time
capital (esp. Kyoto, Japan's former capital); seat of government; capital (of music, fashion, etc.); city (e.g. of light); location of the Imperial Palace
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
Japanese and Chinese poetry; poetry; poems
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)