at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
forces of opposition; opposing forces; counterforce
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
almost; roughly; approximately
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
escape; flight; running away; elopement; fleeing
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
influence; power; might; strength; potency; force
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
to be conceivable that; to be thinkable that
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to borrow; to have a loan; to rent; to hire
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
whole nation; whole land; whole country
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
unexpected; unforeseen; accidental
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with