doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
young bird; chick; fledgling; hina doll; doll displayed during the Girls' Festival
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
feather; plume; wing; shuttlecock (in badminton)
width; breadth; freedom (e.g. of thought); latitude; gap; difference (e.g. in price)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
to resound; to be heard far away; to reverberate; to shake; to come (home); to remain (with someone)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish