indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
combination; union; incorporation; congruence
training; drill; practice; discipline
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
stage (theatre, theater); scene or setting (e.g. of novel, play, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you (plural); all of you; you all
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
sixth day of the month; six days
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
kilo-; 1000; kilogram; kilogramme; kilometre; kilometer
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
group; party; team; squad; section
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
the number of people; many people; a large number of people; (counted as an) adult
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
dispersion; breakup; variance; dispersion
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
form; shape; figure; visage
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.