popular name; common name; nickname; alias
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
combination; union; incorporation; congruence
training; drill; practice; discipline
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
holding on to; sticking to
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; JAXA
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
purple; violet; Lithospermum erythrorhizon (species of gromwell); type of soy sauce
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
tenth day of the month; ten days
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
house hunting; searching an entire house; searching a house thoroughly
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
elder brother; one's senior; older man; man older than oneself
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very