popular name; common name; nickname; alias
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
combination; union; combined; joint; congruence
training; drill; practice; discipline
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
adhering to (a view, policy, etc.); sticking to; holding fast to; steadfastly maintaining
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; JAXA
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
senior (at school, work, etc.); superior; elder; older person; predecessor
purple; violet; purple gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon); red gromwell; soy sauce
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
appointment; meeting (e.g. with a customer)
10th day of the month; ten days
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
he; she; this; this one; hey, you!; you bastard!
elder brother; big brother; one's senior; one's elder; old ingredients; stale ingredients