indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
round (esp. in sports, negotiations, etc.); rounds (e.g. nurse, security guard, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
older brother; elder brother
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
nuisance to other people; inconvenience to others
notice; attention; observation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
people; men and women; each person; everybody
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to dash over oneself (e.g. water); to take (e.g. shower); to bask in (e.g. the sun); to suffer (e.g. an attack); to draw (e.g. criticism, attention, praise); to have heaped upon
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
to climb over; to get over; to surmount; to overcome; to surpass; to overtake
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
don't you think?; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
(please) try to; (please) look; seeing; looking
image (on a screen); picture (e.g. on a TV); video; film; reflection; image (in one's mind)
launching; launch; end (of a theatrical run, etc.); closing party (e.g. a theater show); cast party
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
construction; establishment
weightlessness; zero gravity
training; drill; practice; discipline
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of