jpdb beta

Japan

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

52

space development; space exploration

1

center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused

1

independent administrative corporation (institution, agency)

1

Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (formerly NASDA)

1

to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished

1

written examination

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

20

success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility

2

I; me

5

-years-old

1

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

34

astronaut

5

to become; to amount to

1

in order to; for the purpose of; must; should

1

severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)

2

examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test

8

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

17

inspection (e.g. customs, factory); examination; scan (e.g. MRI, PET, etc.)

4

to continue; to keep up; to keep on

2

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

9

eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey

1

serious; not joking; straight

3

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

18

yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr

3

be; is

11

bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread

1

too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as

14

underpants; pants; briefs; trousers (esp. women's); jodhpurs; breeches

1

to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress

2

to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour

2

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

3

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

22

rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk

2

medical examination

1

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

5

that; those; the

3

everyone; everybody; all; everything; all

4

this sort of; this kind of; like this; such

1

natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly

1

woman; female; feminine gender

2

of course; certainly; naturally

1

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

19

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; JAXA

6

tee-hee

1

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

17

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

8

now; the present time; just now; another; more

2

strange; odd; unexpected; change; incident; disturbance

2