pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
landing; alighting; touch down
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
by means of; due to; because of; according to
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to launch; to shoot up; (of waves) to dash; to wash up (ashore); to finish (e.g. a theater run, sumo tournament); to close
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
day after tomorrow; wrong (e.g. direction)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to clear up; to clear away; to refresh (e.g. spirits); to be cleared (e.g. of a suspicion); to be dispelled; to be banished
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
training (esp. in-service); induction course
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
weather; the elements; fair weather; fine weather
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
clear weather; fine weather; formal; ceremonial; cleared of suspicion
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
talk (esp. by a talk-show host, or by a stage musician to the audience between songs); banter; talk show; toque
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
time; hour; period; class