year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
October; tenth month of the lunar calendar
twenty-eighth day of the month; twenty-eight days
Japanese representative; Japanese delegate; Japanese delegation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one's dearest wish; Buddha's vow to save humanity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to miss (e.g. a chance); to lose; to set free; to let go; to fail to ...
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fry; to saute; to stir-fry
breath; breathing; tone; mood
to vomit; to throw up; to emit; to send forth; to give (an opinion); to make (a comment)
to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); to do over and over again; to do relentlessly; to stage a comeback (against) (in mahjong, horse racing, etc.); to come from behind
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
digital versatile disc; DVD
to take; to carry (something) away; to bear
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
contents; interior; substance; content; (sword) blade
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do