indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
selection; choice; picking out
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
next; hypo- (i.e. containing an element with low valence); order; sequence
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
closing; closure; shutdown; lockout
box; box (in theatre); booth (in restaurant, etc.); small rectangular building (e.g. telephone box); rectangular field area (batter's box, catcher's box); box (calfskin); central 4x4 area (othello)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
suffix for familiar person
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
convenient; favorable; favourable; expedient; expedience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
in that way; thus; so; so?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
recruitment; invitation; raising (funds, donations, etc.); collection; flotation (of shares, loans, etc.)
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
justice; fairness; impartiality
to fix (a time, date, etc.); to set; to expect; to hope for; to resolve (to do); to decide upon
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
development; exploitation
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
resignation (from a position)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station