indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; street; road; 109.09 m; 0.99 hectares
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to heal; to cure; to satisfy (e.g. hunger, thirst); to alleviate (e.g. sorrow, fatigue)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
scheme; tactic; stratagem; trick
by means of; due to; because of; according to
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
to make someone drink; to force someone to drink; to serve (alcohol); to treat someone (to drinks); to be drinkable (esp. of alcohol); to be palatable
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to reject; to repulse; to repel; to bounce back; to counterattack; to strike back
to escape from; to get out
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
leader of a delegation (body, party)
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to conquer (e.g. an enemy); to defeat; to overcome (a difficulty); to out-hit
confinement; imprisonment; incarceration
rescue; extricate; reclaim; deliverance
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in