indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
an order of magnitude higher; off by a digit; in a different league; unbelievable; incomparable; unimaginable
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
excelling; surpassing; outdoing
devil; evil spirit; genie
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
coming and going; recurring (esp. thoughts)
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
book; volume; this; present; main; head
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
while; during; while; although; all; both
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
tune; tone; vein; mood; condition; state of health
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding