indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
senior high school student
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
person with supernatural power; person capable of extrasensory perception
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
seeing through; fluoroscopy; roentgenoscopy; clairvoyance; seeing through (objects)
extra-sensory perception; ESP; psi; psychokinesis; PK
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
what with this and that; for a number of reasons
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
now; the present time; just now; another; more
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
familiar; well-known; regular (e.g. customer); old stand-by
penalty kick; psychokinesis; parkour
educational institution; school; academy; campus
to make a mistake (in); to commit an error (e.g. in calculation); to confuse; to mistake something for something else