indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
expresses a firm view or feeling; please ...; would you ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to doubt; to distrust; to be suspicious of; to suspect
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
so-so; passable; now, now; my, my
glance; look; glimpse; complete view; bird's-eye view
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
captive; prisoner; victim (of love, etc.); slave (to one's lust, etc.)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
go that far; to that extent
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
high (e.g. spirits); merry; high; high (i.e. feeling of extreme pleasure)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
completely ordinary; plain; commonplace; everyday
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
something unusual; something odd; something out of the ordinary
of course; certainly; naturally
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...