indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
while; during; while; although; all; both
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
adds force or indicates command
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff