to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
adds force or indicates command
brethren; brothers; fellow countrymen; fellowman; compatriot
rural local self-government (Muromachi period)
stamp; seal; seal impression; seal; mudra (symbolic hand gesture); ninja hand sign
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
regret; chagrin; mortification; freedom from obstructive thoughts
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dispel; to clear away; to accomplish a goal; (arch.) to make it sunny; (arch.) to make clouds disappear
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
forktail bullhead (species of catfish, Pelteobagrus nudiceps)
help; rescue; salvation; solace; (religious) salvation; (Christian) grace
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
meeting (face-to-face); seeing; visit; interview
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
physical examination; medical examination; health checkup; health screening
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on