indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
adds force or indicates command
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
weapon; arms; ordnance; weapon (something used to gain an advantage); asset
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
implementation (e.g. of a system); materialization; materialisation; realization; realisation; actualization
a line; a streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident); (arch.) the same logic
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")