indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
eve (esp. Christmas Eve); the night before
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
suffix for familiar person
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
please (give me); please (do for me)
to smoke; to breathe in; to suck; to sip; to absorb; to soak up
slut; floozie; ho; bitch; witch; overbearing woman
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
honorific/polite/humble prefix
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to be silent; to say nothing
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour
car; automobile; vehicle; wheel
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
(animal) feed; fodder; pet food; bait; lure; enticement