indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shoot through something (wall, body, etc.); to pierce (e.g. with an arrow or a look)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to disturb; to prevent; to obstruct; to hinder
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
now; the present time; just now; another; more
weakness; debility; breakdown; prostration
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
extent; scope; sphere; range; span
sacred precincts; sanctuary; consecrated ground; issue that is regarded as being off-limits; matter that is not up for discussion
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to feel; to sense; to experience
in appearance; to look at; judging from appearances
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
gold (Au); golden; prosperous; money (esp. ōban coin); cash
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure