yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
unexpected; unforeseen; accidental
situation; (present) state of affairs; circumstances
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
a minute; moment; an instant; stubborn; hot-headed
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
control; bringing under control; settling (a matter); putting in order
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
guarantee of safety; ensuring safety
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
Shibuya, a special ward in Tokyo
prime minister (as the head of a cabinet government); premier; leading; overseeing; leader
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
administration; governance; the authorities; authority
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
deliberation; (thoughtful) consideration; to consider a matter carefully
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
man of the future; Homo futurus
cooperative relation; cooperative relationship; collaborative relationships; cooperative structure; cooperative ties; cooperative alliance
to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
serious; not joking; straight
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
cooperation; collaboration
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat