ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
other; another; over; more than; I; me
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
luxury; extravagance; treat (i.e. at somebody's expense)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
go that far; to that extent
to be able to reach; to be within one's reach; to be able to afford; to be near (a certain age)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
desire; wish; request; entreaty; prayer; (written) application
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
work; business; company; study
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to tear; to rip; to break through (cordon, opponent's defense, etc.); to breach; to defeat; to beat; to break (e.g. silence)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
now; the present time; just now; another; more
thrust; stab; tsuki; thrust to the throat (in kendo); tsuki; thrust to the chest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
again; once more; a second time
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
fashion; way; school (of thought); class; rank; current (electrical, water, etc.)
towards; against; regarding; in contrast with
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
intricate workmanship; delicate handiwork; cheap trick; petty trick; obvious stratagem
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory