indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
known as ...; also known as ...; called ...; AKA
absence; being away from home; house-sitting; house-sitter; being left unattended to (of one's studies, etc.); neglecting
being full; (counting) completed years (e.g. when calculating age); full (years, months, etc.); Manchuria
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to handle; to operate (a machine, etc.); to deal with (an issue); to manage; to treat (someone); to deal with (someone)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
this world; this life; world of the living
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
crevice; crack; spare moment; interval; chink (in one's armor, armour); unpreparedness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
one sen; one-hundredth of a yen; small amount of money
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
satisfaction; contentment; sufficient; satisfactory; satisfying (an equation)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
above anything else; above all; more than anything; best; greatest; excellent
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
lunch; noon; midday; daytime; waking up; getting up
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very