yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
consequence; outcome; result; blame
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
battery; battery; pitcher and catcher
piece; slice; cloth; sharpness; agility; counter for scraps, pieces, etc.
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
middle-aged man; Buddhist priest
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
unthinkable; unexpected; outrageous; offensive
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
not only ... (but also); not just; as well as
protuberance; bulge; protrusion; rise; uplift; upheaval
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
digitization; digitalization
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
such; like that; that sort of; very
meaning; significance; sense
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial