rock (in rock-paper-scissors); stone; ungh; gulp; rumbling (of an empty stomach); growling
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all; entire; whole; altogether
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
in accordance with plans; just as planned
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
question; inquiry; enquiry
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
but; however; provided that
myself; yourself; I; me; you
intention; wish; purpose; mind (to do)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
unclear; obscure; unknown; unidentified; ignorance; lack of wisdom
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
inferior goods; defective product; defective goods
mask; disguise; guise; mask
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to put on (one's head); to wear; to be covered with (dust, snow, etc.); to pour (water, etc.) on oneself; to bear (e.g. someone's debts, faults, etc.); to take (blame); to overlap (e.g. sound or color)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you