ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
professor; teaching; instruction
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
far away; far off; nowhere near; far cry
honorific/polite/humble prefix
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
above anything else; above all; more than anything; best; greatest; excellent
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
present condition; existing state; status quo; current state
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
patient's condition; pathology
sudden turn; sudden change; (suddenly occurring) accident; emergency
hospital; clinic; doctor's office; doctor's surgery; infirmary
transportation; conveyance; delivery; hospitalization; transfer to hospital
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
now; the present time; just now; another; more
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
accurate; correct; precise; exact
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage