to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
adds force or indicates command
really; truly; indeed; good grief
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
motorcycle; motorbike; bicycle
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
spirit; mind; nature; disposition; motivation; intention
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
after a long time; for the first time in a while
task; (doing a) bit of work; difficult task; hard work
How did you like ...?; How about ...?; What's going on?; How's it going?
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
of no interest; not interested
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the trouble is that ...; the problem is that ...; unfortunately; annoyingly
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
grass; weed; (arch.) ninja; not genuine; substandard; LOL
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
conversion; reform; correcting someone's conduct
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...