indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
group; crowd; flock; herd; bevy; school
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
living thing; organism; creature; biology
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
movement; transfer; migration; mobile; moving; traveling
emergency; extraordinary; unusual
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
danger; peril; hazard; risk
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
please (give me); please (do for me)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
fierce; intense; severe; violent; strong; vehement
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
form; shape; figure; visage
whole; entirety; whatever (is the matter)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
difficult; hard; impossible; unfeasible; fussy; particular; gloomy
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
at present; currently; so far; for now; for the time being
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
landing; going ashore; disembarkation; making landfall (of a typhoon); striking land; hitting land
state; state of affairs; appearance; look; sign; indication
to peep (through); to peek; to await (one's chance); to guess; to infer
Swords and Firearms Control Law (1958)
treatment; service; handling; management