indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ahead (of); before; slightly earlier
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
prime minister (as the head of a cabinet government); premier; leading; overseeing; leader
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
a little; a bit; a little while; a short time; a little way; a short distance
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
government; administration; ministry
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to create a debt in one's favor (e.g. by doing someone a favor); to create an obligation in one's favor
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
how much; how many; what amount; what extent
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
various; a variety of; variously; in various ways; various things; this and that
efforts; exertion; endeavour; assistance; services
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
come (on); come now; all right; right; well; hmm
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
lightly roasted and salted salmon (Hokkaidō specialty); fish wrapped in bamboo leaves or straw for transport
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker