jpdb beta

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

78

(a) step ahead; (a) jump ahead

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

74

arrival

2

seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that

6

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

44

yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr

1

to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember

3

as usual; as always; as before; as ever; still

1

enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful

1

to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)

15

don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...

12

imperial capital

5

prime minister (as the head of a cabinet government); premier; leading; overseeing; leader

7

good morning

1

report; information

1

to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)

4

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

15

but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that

4

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

6

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

23

small quantity; little; little while; short distance

1

(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas

9

government; administration

3

to create a debt in one's favor (e.g. by doing someone a favor); to create an obligation in one's favor

1

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

6

is not; am not; are not; isn't it?

5

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

94

I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that

2

how much; how many; what amount; what extent

1

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

21

in that way; thus; so; so?

5

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

11

to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage

4

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

25

grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude

1

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

14

you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she

8

thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow

1

be; is

11

yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof

3

also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise

4

various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)

4

efforts; exertion; endeavour; assistance; services

1

to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch

4

thank you; thanks

1

come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see

2

place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point

4

salted salmon; fish wrapped in (bamboo) leaves

1

Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker

8