indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
how; in what way; how about
adds force or indicates command
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
honorific/polite/humble prefix
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
meaning; significance; sense
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite