indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff