indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
a dirty or underhanded trick
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
Japanese plum (Prunus salicina); Chinese plum
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
by means of; due to; because of; according to
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
adds force or indicates command
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
restoration; rehabilitation; recovery; recovery (from an illness); recuperation; convalescence
match; game; bout; contest
conclusion; decision; end; settlement