indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
stand; rack; support; holder; counter for machines, incl. vehicles; setting (e.g. in jewellery); level (e.g. price level)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
dice; die; baton (of command)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
honorific/polite/humble prefix
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
in that way; thus; so; so?
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
(arch.) Chinese "Extended Net" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); counter for objects with stretched strings (i.e. bows, kotos), curtains, papers, etc.
pankration (ancient Greek martial art)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone