be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
adds force or indicates command
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
American; American-style (weak) drip coffee
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
foreigner (esp. one of European ancestry); gaijin; (arch.) outsider
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
foreigner (esp. one of European ancestry); different person
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
question; inquiry; enquiry
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
exceptional item; extraordinary product
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
the West; the Occident; Western countries
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Bon Festival dance; Lantern Festival dance
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
as if (something untrue were actually true); like hell (e.g. "like hell I will")
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire