indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
receiving; reception; eating; drinking; please; please do for me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
flavor; flavour; charm; appeal; experience; taste (e.g. of victory)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
to scratch; to perspire; to shovel; to paddle
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
fine weather; fair weather
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain; England
serious wound; serious injury
to bear; to carry on one's back; to take responsibility for; to accept a duty; to receive (wound); to incur (damage)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
Panjandrum; The Great Panjandrum (rocket-propelled, explosive-laden cart designed by the British military during WW2)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till