indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chip (off); to shave (off); to slice (off); to dampen (e.g. enthusiasm); to discourage; to weaken
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
clumsy (work); awkward; poorly made; ugly (of a person); unattractive; plain
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
(abstract) symbol; emblem; representation
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mount Fuji; Mt. Fuji; Fujiyama; Fuji-san
red; crimson; Red; communist; (arch.) beautiful
to do for (someone); to take in; to deceive; to hoodwink
if so; in that case; in that situation
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
Japanese person; Japanese people
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
party (political); person who is fond of; fan of
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
sea of trees; broad expanse of dense woodland; abundant leafage
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
danger; peril; hazard; risk
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
please (give me); please (do for me)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?