bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to push aside; to brush aside
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
big mouth; mouth opened wide; boastful speech; tall talk; large amount; large quantity
to strike; to clap; to play drums; to abuse; to bash; to consult; to sound out
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
while; during; while; although; all; both
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
how; in what way; how about
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
until now; so far; up to the present
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
exercise to help digestion
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
warming (limbering) up; warming-up exercises
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to destroy; to overthrow; to wreck; to ruin
reserve; spare; treasured; valued; (ace) up one's sleeve; trump
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?