yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
notice or order handed down from above; announcement; notification; Edo-period proclamation issued by the shogunate (or a daimyo, etc.) to the concerned parties
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
cosmetics; beauty products; toiletries; makeup
manufacturer (esp. a major company); producer; maker; maker (person or device that makes something)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
tie-up (e.g. between companies); tie-in; collaboration; partnership; cooperation
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
air of luxury; high class feel
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
route (bus, train, air, etc.); line; line (taken by a group, organization, etc.); policy; course
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
gyaru; (young) woman adhering to a fashion style usually characterized by dyed hair and gaudy clothing; gal; girl; young woman
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series; -type
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer
to cramp up; to tighten; to be insistent; to persist (in one's opinion); to act tough; to bluff; to prop up (e.g. with a post)
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
one's post; one's station; department; bureau; section
itself; one's own body; oneself; originally; naturally
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
genuine; real; authentic; full-scale; full-blown; all-out
sorting; arrangement; liquidation; settlement; retrenchment; curtailment
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as