indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively; extreme
to be in disorder; to lie scattered around
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to put in order; to tidy up; to settle (a matter); to solve; to finish; to get through
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to deceive; to cheat; to falsify; to misrepresent; to evade (a question, taxes, etc.); to dodge
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to stop (doing); to cease; to desist; to drop; to lay off; to give up
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
confidence; trust; faith; credit
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
insistent; obstinate; persistent; too rich (taste, etc.); fatty; heavy
to put an end to something; to get something over with; to quit something one has been engaged in too long or to an excessive degree
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he