wall with exposed timber pillars
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
with a glitter; with a sparkle; brand new; shiny and new
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to polish; to shine; to brush (e.g. teeth); to refine (e.g. a skill); to improve; to cultivate
heigh-ho; heave-ho; hold on!; just a minute; la-la
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
cleaning; sweeping; dusting; scrubbing
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to peel; to skin; to pare; to hull; to bare (e.g. fangs); to open wide (e.g. eyes)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
two persons; two people; pair; couple
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to stand up; to put up; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to make
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
please; somehow or other; one way or another
noisy; loud; annoying; troublesome; fussy; finicky
to draw back; to sink; to be set back (e.g. from a road); to withdraw (e.g. from the public eye); to retire to (somewhere)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
first place; head position; leading position
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh