but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
husband; master (of a house, shop, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
growth; breeding; growing up (in, as); upbringing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(somebody else's) parents; both parents
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
having no relation with whatsoever; having nothing to do with; alien
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
eccentric; oddball; character; weirdo
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
archeologist; archaeologist
originally; by nature; from the start
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
living by oneself; living alone
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also