ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
left hand; left-hand side; left-hand direction; (on) the left
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
should; must; -able; probably; likely
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
trouble; bother; annoyance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
what time; (lit.) which hour
three times; thrice; third (musical interval)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
chill; the shivers; shivering fit; cold; coldness; cold air
beginning; outset; first; onset
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
death from prostration; death from emaciation
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work