(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
hum (of a TV, radio, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
in a daze; absent-mindedly; dimly; hazily; with a roar (of flames); with a whoosh
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
mischief; prank; pastime; hobby; playing with (a lighter, etc.); fooling around with
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to inhale; to breathe in; to suck up; to absorb; to soak up
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; the present time; just now; another; more
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
renewal; update; innovation; improvement
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you