indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
carelessly; thoughtlessly; inadvertently
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
purification; cleanup (e.g. of politics); purge
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be needed; to be wanted
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
bad feeling; feeling bad; disagreeable; unpleasant; revolting; gross
the other day; a few days ago
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to apologize; to apologise
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
please (give me); please (do for me)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very